Types of cuts

MATCH ON:

A, match on; also called a graphic match, is a cut in film editing between either two different objects, two different spaces, or two different compositions in which an object in the two shots graphically match, often helping to establish a strong continuity of action and linking the two shots metaphorically.
Eg. A long shot of walking down a set of stairs; then a close up of the peoples feet; then a far away shot of them at the bottom.

 CUTAWAY:

A shot of something within or around the environment where the action or conversation is occurring, used to avoid visual jump cuts or to compress time.

Eg. Long shot of walking down stairs; close up of someones face watching the person walk down the stairs; far away shot of the person getting to the bottom of the set of stairs.

180 DEGREE RULE:

In film making, the 180° rule is a basic guideline that states that two characters (or other elements) in the same scene should always have the same left/right relationship to each other. If the camera passes over the imaginary axis connecting the two subjects, it is called crossing the line. The new shot, from the opposite side, is known as a reverse angle.

Eg. If a person is on the left side of the room you keep the camera on their right hand side and if the other person is on the right hand side of the room facing them you keep the camera on the left hand side of the person.